Macam-macam Rumus Tenses Bahasa Inggris

Kata Kerja

Kata Kerja adalah bagian inti dari Tenses Bahasa Inggris. Kata kerja atau Verb pada rumus-rumus Tenses di blog ini, Kata kerja atau Verb ini singkat menjadi V saja. Jadi kalau V+ing artinya sama dengan Verb+ing, atau “Ving”.

Kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris ada banyak bentuknya: V₁, V₂, V₃, Ving.

Kata Kerja bentuk 1 atau V₁, yaitu kata kerja dasar, seperti: drink, go, write, read, participate, learn, study, dan sebagainya. Ada kata kerja bentuk ke 2, atau V₂. Kata kerja bentuk 3 ya V₃. Serta Kata Kerja bentuk ING atau Ving.

Perubahan Bentuk Kata Kerja

Perubahan bentuk Kata Kerja bentuk 1 (V₁) ke bentuk kedua (V₂) dan bentuk ke 3 (V₃) ada yang beraturan (ada rumusnya) dan ada juga yang tidak beraturan (tidak ada rumusnya).

Kata Kerja Beraturan (Regular Verb):

Artinya ya mempunyai keteraturan bentuknya, ada rumusnya misalnya ditambah “D” atau “ED” seperti: live – lived – lived, play, played, played.

Kata Kerja TIDAK Beraturan (Irregular Verb):

Misalnya kata kerja “drink” berturut-turut untuk bentuk ke 1 sampai 3: drink-drank- drunk. Satu contoh lain lagi: break-broke-broken.

Rumus 16 Tenses (Grammar)

Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang)
a.       Simple Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang Sederhana)

Digunakan untuk kegiatan yang biasa dilakukan atau kejadian yang berangsung pada saat ini juga digunakan untuk menggambarkan hukum alam dan ketentuan umum.

Rumus :
+ } S + V₁ + O + ADV ≈ S + am / is / are + C (O,Adv)
-  } S + Do/does + not + V₁ + O + ADV
? } Do/does + S + V₁ + O + ADV

Example :
+ } Sisca Reads book everyday
- } Sisca does not Read book everyday
? } does Sisca Read book everyday
Yes He does / No He does not (doesn’t)
For I, We, You, They = do

He, She, It = Does

Contoh kalimat :
(+) She is a new people here.
(+) He plays football every morning
(-) She isn’t a new people here.
(-) He does not playing football every morning.
(?) Is she a new people here?
(?) How playing football every morning?

b.      Present Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sekarang)

Digunakan untuk kegiatan atau kejadian yang sedang dilakukan atau kejadian yang sedang berlangsung pada saat ini.

Rumus :
+ } S + Be + V₁ + ing + O + ADV >> + } They are playing badmintoon now

+ } S + am / is / are + V₁ + ing + O + ADV
-  } S + Be + not + V₁ + ing + O + ADV >> – } They are not playing badmintoon now
? } Be + S + V₁ + ing + O + ADV >> ? } Are they palaying badmintoon now ?
Yes They are / no they are not
For I = am
They, we, you = are
He, She, It = Is

Contoh dalam kalimat :
(+) He is playing badminton now
(-) He isn’t playing badminton now.
(?) Is he playing badminton now.

c.       Present Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Sekarang)

Digunakan untuk kegiatan atau kejadian yang sudah berlangsung atau sudah dilakukan pada saat ini.

Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb+main verb

+ } S + have / has + V₃ + O + ADV

Contoh :
(+) you have eaten mine.
(-) she has not been to Rome
(?) have you finished?

d.      Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Sekarang)

Digunakan untuk kegiatan menggambarkan suatu kegiatan atau kejadian yang berlangsung pada waktu lampau dan masih dilakukan atau masih berlangsung pada saatdibicarakan.

Rumus :
(+): S + have/has + been + Ving + C
(-) : S + have/has + not + been + Ving + C
(?): Have/has + S + been + Ving + C

Contoh :
(+) She has been going to Malang since evening.
(+) We have been riding a horse for three days
(-) She hasn’t been going to Malang since evening.
(-) We haven’t been riding a horse for three days.
(?) Has she been going to Malang ?
(?) Have He been riding a horse for three days ?

Past Tense (Waktu Lampau)
 a.       Simple Past Tense (Waktu Lampau Sederhana)

Digunakan untuk menggambarkan kegiatan atau kejadian di masa lampau dan sudah selesai pada saat dibicarakan.

Rumus :
+} S+Be+Was/Were+ O + ADV ≈ S + V₂ + O + ADV
- } S+Be+Was/Were+not+ O + ADV
?} Be+Was/Were+ S+ O + ADV

Example :
+} We were at school yesterday
- } We were not at school yesterday
?} were we at school yesterday ?
For I, He, She, It = Was
They, we, you = were
Contoh :
(+) I saw a good film last night
(+) He came here last month
(-) I saw not a good film last night
(-) He came not last month
(?) Saw I a good film last night
(?) Came He here last month

b.      Past Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Lampau)

Digunakan untuk kegiatan atau kejadian yang sedang terjadi pada waktu lampau dan selesai pada saat dibicarakan.

Rumus :
(+): S + was/were + Ving
(-): S + was/were + NOT + Ving
(?): Was/Were + S + Ving

Contoh :
(+) He was watching television all afternoon last week
(+) They were talking about sport when I met him
(-) He wasn’t watching television all afternoon last week
(-) They weren’t talking about sport when I met him
(?) Was He watching television all afternoon last week
(?) Were they talking about sport when I met him

c.       Past Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Lampau)

Digunakan untuk kegiatan atau kejadian yang dimulai pada waktu lampau dan selesai pada saat dibicarakan.

Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb
(+): S + had + V3
(-): S + had + not + V3
(?): Had + S + V3

Contoh :
(+) When my brother arrived , I had painted my motor cycle
(+) The ship had left before I arrived
(-) When my brother arrived , I hadn’t painted my motor cycle
(-) The ship hadn’t left before I arrived
(?) Had I my motor cycle , when my brother arrived ?
(?) Had the ship left before I arrived?

d.      Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Lampau)

Digunakan untuk kegiatan atau kejadian yang dimulai pada waktu lampau tetapi masih berlangsung pada saat masih dibicarakan dan selesai pada saat itu juga.

Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb

(+) S + had + been + Ving + O + Adv

Contoh :
(+) They had been living there for two month
(+) When they washed my drees , your father had been playing badminton
(-) They hadn’t been living there for two month
(-) When they washed my dress , your father hadn’t been playing badminton
(?) Had they been living there for two month?
(?) When they washed my dress , had your father been playing badminton ?

Future Tense (Akan Datang)
 a.       Simple Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Sederhana)

Digunakan untuk menggambarkan suatu rencana dan kegiatan yang akan dilakukan.

Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+main verb
(+) S + will + V₁ + O + ADV ≈ S + will + be + O + ADV

Contoh :
(+) I will visit to yogyakarta tomorrow.
(+) he will met girl friend by seven o’clock
(?) Will he go to America next month?
(+) President shall at Nederland the day after tomorrow.
(-) President shall not at Nederland the day after tomorrow.
(?) Shall President at Nederland the day after tomorrow?

b.      Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Akan Datang)

Kegiatan atau rencana yang akan dilakukan secara terus menerus artinya tidak tahu kapan berhentinya.

Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb BE+main verb
(+) S + will + be + Ving + O + ADV

Contoh :
(+) I will be writing a comic.
(+) I will be studying tomorrow night.
(-) I will not writing a comic.
(-) I will not be studying tomorrow night.
(?) Will I be writing a comic ?
(?) Will I be studying tomorrow night ?

c.       Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Akan Datang)

Digunakan dalam kalimat pengandaian atau perumpamaan.

Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb
(+) S + will + have + V₃ + O + ADV

Contoh :
(+) Iwill havefinishedby 10am.
(+) Youwill haveforgottenme by then.
(-) Shewillnothavegoneto school.
(-) Wewillnothaveleft.
(?) Willyou havearrived?
(?) Willthey havereceivedit?

d.      Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Akan Datang)

Digunakan untuk kegiatan atau kejadian yang akan dilangsungkan pada masa yang akan datang.

Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb
(+) S + will + have + been +Ving + O + ADV

Contoh :
(+) I will have been reading a news paper.
(+) He will have been listening music.
(-) I will haven’t been reading a news paper.
(-) He will haven’t listening a music.
(?) Will I have been riding a news paper ?
(?) Will He have listening a music ?

Past Future Tense (Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)

 Suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aktivitas akan sudah selesai sebelum aktivitas lain atau sebelum suatu titik waktu dimasa depan.

a.       Past Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)

Rumus :
(+) S + would + V₁
(-)  S + would + not + V₁
(?) Would + S + V₁

Contoh :
(+) He would come if you invited him.
(+) They would buy a home the previous day.
(-) He wouldn’t come if invited him.
(-) They wouldn’t buy a home the previous day.
(?) Would He come if invited him ?
(?) Would they buy a home the previous day ?

b.      Past Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Akan Sedang Terjadi Diwaktu Lampau)

Rumus :
(+) S + would + be + Ving
(-)  S + would + not + be + Ving
(?) Would + S + be + Ving

Contoh :
(+) I should be swimming at this time the following day.
(+) I shall be sliping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
(-) I shouldn’t be swimming at this time the following day.
(-) I shalln’t be sleeping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
(?) Shall I be swimming at this time the following day ?
(?) Shall I be sleeping at10 o’clock tomorrow ?

c.       Past Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Akan Sudah Selesai Di Waktu Lampau)

Rumus :
(+) S + would + have + V₃
(-)  S + would + not + have + V₃
(?) Would + S + have + V₃

Contoh :
(+) He would have graduated if he had studies hard.
(+) Nonok will have studied moth by the end of this week.
(-) He wouldn’t have gone if he had met his darling
(-) Nonok will have not studied month by the end of this week
(?) Would He have gone if he had met his darling ?
(?) Will Nonok have studied month by the end of this week ?

d.      Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Yang Sudah Sedang Berlangsung Pada Waktu Lampau)

Rumus :
(+) S + would + have + been + Ving
(-)  S + would + not + have + been + Ving
(+) Would + S + have + been + Ving

Contoh :
Rianawati would have been speaking English for two years
(+) Mrs. Anisa Munif would have been walking here for seventeen years
(+) Rianawati would have been speaking English for two years
(-) Mrs. Anisa Munif wouldn’t have been walking here for seventeen year
(-) Rianawati wouldn’t have been speaking English for two years
(?) Would Mrs. Anisa Munif have been walking here for seventeen years?
(?) Would Rianawati have been speaking English for two years?